Work in Process (WIP) Inventory represents the inventory of partially completed goods within a company's production process. This includes raw materials that have been introduced to production and may have undergone some transformation stages but are not yet finished products. WIP is an important part of the inventory management system as it helps businesses keep track of their production stage and associated costs.
For example, in a furniture manufacturing business, wooden planks cut to size and partially assembled chairs pending final assembly and finishing would be considered WIP. These items are not raw materials like untreated wood, nor are they completed goods ready for sale; they reside in a transitional state.
WIP Inventory is crucial for financial accounting and operational efficiency. Businesses measure WIP to ascertain production costs at different stages, monitor workflow, and ensure sufficient resources are allocated for production. It also plays a significant role in calculating cost of goods manufactured and overall inventory valuation for financial reporting.